FREADOM

Book Burning Class Activities

Book Burning Introduction

List of Books Burned in Cuba

 

Book Burning
Bibliography

"Of the Burning of Books -- Is there no end?"


ONLINE ARTICLES  


Rule of Law and Cuba: This first citation is the where the source documents on recent Cuban book burning are located.


Cuban courts order incineration of entire private library collections (April 4-5, 2003)
Following the arrests of 75 dissidents in March 2003 and the conclusions of the one-day trials of Cubans
who had been operating independent libraries, Cuban courts ordered the "incineration" of the entire contents
of the General Pedro Betancourt Library in Pedro Betancourt  municipality, Matanzas province, the
private library of the unofficial Uni—n de Activistas y Opositores "Golfo de Guacanayabo" in Manzanillo,
and the Juan Gualberto G—mez Library, Branch II in Columbus municipality, Matanzas province. Courts also
ordered the "destruction" of the books and other materials in the 20th of May Library in Sancti Spiritus,
the Biblioteca sindical Emilio M‡spero in Havana, and the personal library collections of
Pedro ArgfŸelles Moran and Pablo Pacheco Avila in Ciego de Avila.

 

To Extremists, Books Are Trojan Horses. By Rebecca Knuth

This is perhaps the best, shorter article on the various reasons for book burning. Professor Knuth writes:

"To extremists, books are Trojan horses, concealing political and religious heresies that have the potential
to undermine ideology and weaken their authority. Localized cultural violence engineered by extremist groups
is often staged as righteous protest to affirm group allegiance while simultaneously striking out at corrupting
influences and antithetical values...Extremism is clearly the common denominator in book destruction,
and rationalizations of orthodoxy are a handy tool for cementing the power of absolutist leader
s."

 

Book Burning and the Problem of Evil
This is a fascinating discussion of the philosophical issues related to book burning, and is full
of great historical information as well as political analysis. It is only 5 pages long (in PDF format),
but covers a lot of issues and has a useful bibliography for those wanting to dig deeper.


Destroying a Symbol: Checkered History of Sri Lanka's Jaffna Public Library

By Rebecca Knuth. This time professor Knuth analyzes the cultural and political conflicts behind the tragic 1981
burning of the Jaffna Public Library. She also details how this affected artists and activists alike, and brings
the story up-to-date for 2006. Includes excellent historical background on the Civil War in Sri Lanka.

The Burning of the Books in Nazi Germany, 1933: The American Response, by Guy Stern

This is a detailed and well-sourced article on Nazi book burning.


Ray Bradbury condemns Cuban book burning
'Fahrenheit 451' author takes stance while U.S. librarians ignore counterparts in Cuba.

Fanning the flames in land of the Wicker Man
Book-burning has a long and ignoble history. Why is one bookseller reviving it today, asks Adrian Turpin,

of the London Times. Article raises issues not often associated with burning - especially the disposal of

old or unread books?

Burning Sensations: How would-be censors promote free speech
Reason magazine takes a different approach to the issue of banning and burning, arguing that
non-governmental book burnings can actually promote the works the burners are seeking to censor.


It Started with Book Burning

Librarian, Dave Durant, reviews an article about how Muslim book burners were not challenged in England, and concludes:

"In short, the Islamist campaign against The Satanic Verses was more than a vile attack on intellectual freedom:
it was the first step in a long process of radicalization that now poses a substantial danger to the UK and its allies.
By tolerating book burning in the name of multiculturalism, the British authorities paved the way for radical Islamists
to move on to terrorism and mass murder."

 

Vietnamese Communist authorities burn tons of books at a time. (2001)


A skeptic's Guide to Christian book burning.

The article is a one-sided characterization of ChristianÕs as book burners, but he does provide sources for his charges.


The only remaining Mayan Codices.

Many of these beautiful and historic documents of Mayan history were ordered burned when Spain took over the New World.
Here are digital photos and essays on the only original "barks" of Mayan history.

From Book Burning to Canon: On the Destruction & Preservation of Sacred & Profane Texts

By Patrick Henry Reardon
An Orthodox Priest struggles with the early Christian tradition of burning books related to sorcery and pagan religions,
while lamenting the destruction of books that he disagrees with, but which he is ultimately glad to have freely available
on his book shelf.


What Happens When the Oppressors Are Your Next Door Neighbors?
Very well-written but tragic account of Turkish repression of Kurds, with a terrible account of murder and book-burning
that was perpetrated by Turkish military officials, and which the author sees as an example of the attempt of Turkish officials
to deny Kurds both personhood and peoplehood.


ONLINE EXHIBITS

 

Fighting the  Fires of Hate: American and the Nazi Book Burnings
This is the best online exhibit, now travelling the US as well, provided by the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
The resource chronicles not only the Nazi book burning, but also what American Jews nd writers did in response.
It has primary documents, videos, and tremendous digital images, as well as a thorough bibliography, included below.

 

"He who destroyes a good Booke, kills reason it selfe"
 An exhibition of books which have survived Fire, the Sword and the Censors
 University of Kansas Library 1955 (This famous catalogue, now online, saw more than 20,000 copies printed.)

Quotes on book burning through the centuries,
From the International Federation of Library Associations.


When Books Burn
An excellent online exhibit on the Nazi Party and book burning. This resource
also provides class activities
geared around library instruction. Their informative bibliography is referenced below as well. The astute
reader will notice that we borrowed the color scheme and layout for our own exhibit.


Book Burning, American Library Association's
Until now, October 2006, the editors of this page have refused to acknowledge the book burning in Cuba.
Whether for ideological reasons or not, no one can know. Still, the rest of the site has many helpful links
to book burning over the centuries. Many news articles are linked as well, but, like many sites, news links
often go dead after awhile. Despite the potential
left-wing bias, this service still makes an important resource.


BOOKS

Burning Books and Leveling Libraries: Extremist Violence and Cultural Destruction (Hardcover)
by Rebecca Knuth (See details and reviews at Amazon link)


Libricide: The Regime-Sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century (Hardcover)
by Rebecca Knuth
(See details and reviews at Amazon link)

Burning Books
By Haig Bosmajian  McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers; 1st edition (March 21, 2006)


Library: An Unquiet History. By Matthew Battles. Norton & Norton Co.

The Bibliography of books below is taken from the afterward of the online edition of the famous 1955 exhibition,
created by the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, which we have included as a link above as well.


       "BIBLIOGRAPHY -- The following works are useful as an introduction to the history of banned books:

 

Craig, Alec. The banned books of England. London, 1937.
Daniels, Walter M. ed. The censorship of books. New York, 1954. (The Reference Shelf, Vol. 26, No. 5.)
Ditchfield, P. H. Books fatal to their authors. London, 1903.

Gillett, Charles R. Burned books: neglected chapters in British history and literature. New York, 1932. Two vols.
Haight, Anne Lyon. Banned books: informal notes on some books banned for various reasons at various times
and in various places. Second edition, New York, 1955.

Jackson, Holbrook. The fear of books. London, 1932.
Houben, H. H. Verbotene Literatur von der klassischen Zeit bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin, 1924-28. Two vols.

Iversen, Max. Forbudte boger. Copenhagen, 1948."


Benet, Stephen Vincent. They Burned the Books. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1942.

Zeisel, William, ed. Censorship: 500 Years of Conflict
. New York: The New York Public Library, 1984.

"Helen Keller Warns Germany's Students; Says Burning of Books Cannot Kill Ideas." New York Times
, 10 May 1933: 10.

Book Burning - Kastner and the Nazis

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Book burning in Tudor and Stuart England
By David Cressy. Sixteenth Century Journal. 2005, vol. 36, no2, pp. 359-374


(Abstract) This article treats book burning and censorship in England between the 1520s and the 1640s
as part of the communications repertoire of the early modern state. Combating heresy, blasphemy, and sedition,
Tudor and Stuart authorities subjected transgressive works to symbolic execution at key sites in London
and the universities.The addition of the hangman to the ceremony in the 1630s reinforced the authority
of the state over texts. But the ritual was not always performed according to the script. Through gesture,
voice, and narrative, actors and spectators sometimes subverted the ceremony, imposing a contrary meaning
on its message. Even as an exercise of power, book burning was unstable, ambivalent and ultimately counterproductive.


"Heretical Plagues" and Censorship Cordons: Colonial Mexico and the Transatlantic Book Trade.

  By Martin Austin
Nesvig. Church History; Mar2006, Vol. 75 Issue 1, p1-37, 37p

Abstract (found on Ebsco Database)
The article examines the ways that theologians and jurists understood the nature of the Catholic censorship
as a central component of religious orthodoxy during the Mexican Inquisition in the 1570s. It analyzes the medieval
and early modern theoretical discussion of the connections between books and a conception of heresy. The application
of the Index of Prohibited Books issued by the Spanish Inquisition on a daily basis is also discussed. The inquisitors
failed to convince the Mexicans of the necessity for the Index for the protection of Catholicism.


CENSORSHIP IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA: A VIEW FROM THE BOOK TRADE.      
By Timothy Brook. Canadian Journal of History; Aug88, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p177, 20p 


Ch'in Shih-huang's book-burning as seen from the bamboo slips unearthed in
Ying-ch'üeh-shan.
By Wei, CHIN, WEI. Chinese Studies in History. 8:1/2 (1974:Fall-1975:Winter) p.145


The Latest Forms of Book-Burning
By Tanselle, G. Thomas. Common Knowledge. Vol. 2:3 (1993:Winter) p.172


Book Burning-How The Librarians Do It
By Victor Lasky. Human Events. Vol. 12:24 (1955:June 11) p.0



MAGAZINE & NEWSPAPER ARTICLES


Incendiary Books.

By J, Vladislav. Index on Censorship. 12, no. 4(1983): 3


A Voice Against the Flames.
By Robert W. Snyder
America; 9/17/2001, Vol. 185 Issue 7, p15, 2p
Provides information on the Catholic jurist in 16th Century Germany who used all of his powers of argument
to prevent the burning of Jewish books.

Burned Any Good Books Lately?
By Blaise Cronin. Library Journal; 2/15/2003, Vol. 128 Issue 3, p48, 1p,


Knowledge on Fire.  By Matthew Battles.
American Scholar; Summer2003, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p35, 17p

Tremendous writing and fascinating history. This essay is adapted from Libraries: An Unquiet History.


"Rushdie speaks at Berlin ceremony commemorating Nazi book burning" The Associated Press,
 May 10, 1998, Sunday, AM cycle, International News, 225 words, BERLIN


 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/burnedbooks/sources.htm

Extensive bibliography on Nazi book burner. Compiled by Bonnie Travers, The University of Arizona
Special Collections Librarian, along with librarian Lisa Bunker
.

 

"Books figured prominently in the "war of ideas." Patriotic wordsmiths spawned a vocabulary and slogans
that militarized literature. Books were mightier than the sword, and became weapons, bullets, and thinking bayonets.
They contained fighting words, and words at war. From books came big moments, and as in this Book Mobilization
poster, they represented powerful bombshells."  Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, N.Y.
USHMM #2003ZWHR

 

Bibliogrpahy on 1933 Nazi Book Burnings.

 

From website: "One can see in retrospect how the book burnings and other steps to remove "Jewish influence"
from German institutions foreshadowed much more catastrophic Nazi plans for the Jews of Europe. Eerily,
among the books consigned to the flames in 1933 were the works of the nineteenth century Jewish poet Heinrich Heine,
who in 1822 penned the prophetic words, "Where they burn books, they will, in the end, burn human beings too
."

 
"The following bibliography was compiled to guide readers to selected materials on the 1933 book burnings
that are in the Library's collection. It is not meant to be exhaustive. Annotations are provided to help the user
determine the item's focus, and call numbers for the Museum's Library are given in parentheses following each citation.
Those unable to visit might find these works in a nearby public or academic library, or acquire them through interlibrary loan.
Talk to your local librarian for assistance
."

- END -

If the reader wishes to send in other bibliographic materials, we at FREADOM would be happy to add to this growing list.
send to libertas (at) dialmaine.com