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New Orleans Backgrounder Report: June 2006


Background links and information on the response of the human rights community to the jailed independent librarians in Cuba, with an analysis of the response of the ALA to these intellectual freedom issues.

The Main Point of the "Dissidents" within the ALA -- 60% according to an internal poll -- is that we believe

the ALA should call for the unconditional release of those independent librarians still in jail, AND that our intellectual freedom officials stop censoring news of Cuban book burning.


A. RELEASE of Prisoners Demanded by AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, which within nine weeks
     adopted all 75 as Prisoners of Conscience. 

Cuba: "Essential measures"? Human rights crackdown in the name of security.

AI INDEX: AMR 25/017/2003             3 June 2003         © Copyright Amnesty International

http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR250172003?open&of=ENG-CUB

8. Recommendations

8.1. Recommendations to the Cuban government

Based on its review of the information available, Amnesty International does not accept the Cuban government's portrayal of the 75 dissidents arrested as mercenaries or foreign agents. The organisation believes that the activities for which they have been arrested, tried and sentenced fall within the framework of the legitimate exercise of fundamental freedoms of expression, association and assembly. The organisation therefore calls on the Cuban government

· to order the immediate and unconditional release of all those arrested in the March crackdown as prisoners of conscience.

· to immediately and unconditionally release the 15 prisoners previously named by Amnesty International as prisoners of conscience.

· to immediately and unconditionally release anyone else who is detained or imprisoned solely for having peacefully exercised their rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly.

Amnesty International believes that the Cuban authorities have used the climate created by economic and political pressure from the United States to justify a repressive legal system which restricts fundamental freedoms in a manner which goes far beyond what is permissible under international human rights standards for the protection of national security and public order. The organisation urges the authorities

· to reform the Cuban legislation which facilitates the ongoing incarceration of prisoners of conscience by outlawing the legitimate exercise of fundamental freedoms, and to bring such legislation into line with international standards.

8.2. Recommendations to the US government

Given its grave concerns at the negative impact of the US embargo and related policies on the enjoyment of human rights in Cuba, Amnesty International calls on the United States government

· to immediately suspend decisions on any measures that could toughen the embargo.

· to review its foreign and economic policy towards Cuba, with an aim towards ending this damaging practice.

· to place enjoyment of the full range of human rights at the forefront of its concerns in developing new policy towards Cuba.

B. RELEASE of 32 Imprisoned Writers is the Target of PEN Writers in Prison Committee Cuba Campaign.

19 July – 15 August 2004

As agreed at the Fifth International PEN Writers in Prison Committee Conference held in Barcelona in May 2004, the WiPC is staging a campaign in July/August on behalf of freedom of expression in Cuba.

WEEK 1:    Appealing for the release of Cuban prisoners who are suffering illness (three prisoners have been released recently for this reason).

WEEK 3:    Appealing for the release of all 32 prisoners sentenced in April 2003 and still serving their sentences.

C. RELEASE DEMANDED by the Campaign for Peace and Democracy

“We, the undersigned, strongly protest the current wave of repression in Cuba. We condemn the arrests of scores of opponents of the Cuban government for their nonviolent political activities, and the shockingly long prison sentences — some as high as 28 years — imposed after unfair trials. . . We call on the Castro government to release all political prisoners and let the Cuban people speak, write and organize freely.”

Signed by Michael Albert, Stanley Aronowitz, Eileen Boris, Robert Brenner, Noam Chomsky, Joshua Cohen, Mike Davis, Richard Deats, Haroldo Dilla, Manuela Dobos, Ariel Dorfman, Barbara Ehrenreich, Samuel Farber, Janeane Garofalo, Barbara Garson, Susan Griffin, Thomas Harrison, Adam Hochschild, Doug Ireland, Naomi Klein, Joanne Landy, Jesse Lemisch, John Leonard, Sue Leonard, Rabbi Michael Lerner, Nelson Lichtenstein, Michael Lowy, Grace Paley, Katha Pollitt, Matthew Rothschild, Edward Said, Jennifer Scarlott, Carl Schorske, Juliet Schor, Ellen Schrecker, Stephen Shalom, Adam Shatz, Alan Sokal, Chris Toensing, Immanuel Wallerstein, James Weinstein, Naomi Weisstein, Cora Weiss, Peter Weiss, Cornel West, Reginald Wilson, Howard Zinn and others. Published in The Progressive, 2003.

D. REPRESSION CONDEMNED by 179 American leftists, in a Letter to the Editors of New York Review of Books, vol. L, no. 19 (December 4, 2003), p. 62:

   We are women and men of the democratic left, united by our commitment to human rights, democratic government, and social justice, in our own nations and around the world.  In solidarity with the people of Cuba, we condemn the Cuban state’s current repression of independent thinkers and writers, human rights activists and democrats. For “crimes” such as the authorship of essays critical of the government and meeting with delegations of foreign political leaders, some eighty nonviolent political dissidents have been arrested, summarily tried in a closed court, without adequate notice or counsel, convicted, and given cruel, harsh sentences of decades of imprisonment.  These are violations of the most elementary norms of due process of law, reminiscent of the Moscow trials of the Soviet Union under the rule of Stalin.

-- Eric Alterman, Stanley Aronowitz, Marshall Berman, Paul Berman, Mitchell Cohen, Bogdan Denitch, Mel Dubofsky, Gertrude Ezorsky, David Garrow, Peter Gay, Todd Gitlin, Maurice Isserman, Martin Jay, Ira Katznelson, Michael Kazin, Mark Crispin Miller, Erika Munk, Katha Pollitt, Samantha Power, Michael Walzer, Ellen Willis, Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, and more than 150 others.

E. RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM OPPOSED by ALA Presidential Candidate Michael Gorman:

From: "MARQUARDT, STEVE" <STEVE_MARQUARDT@SDSTATE.EDU>

Date: Thursday, December 18, 2003 10:55 am

Subject: ALA candidacy

As a librarian and as a visitor to Cuba back in 2000, I am wondering what you, as candidate for ALA President, believe ALA should say or do regarding  the crackdown on the persons who set up independent libraries in Cuba.

Gorman’s answer, later that same day:

I am utterly and unalterably opposed to restrictions on freedom of speech and experession [sic] by any government or government agency in any country.  I believe in intellectual freedom and the right of free expression and wish those were available to all people in all countries.

F. RELEASE of 75 PRISONERS URGED by Human Rights Watch, Human Rights First, and Freedom House:

Cuba: One Year After the Crackdown

http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/17/cuba8126_txt.htm

A Joint Statement by Freedom House, Human Rights First, Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations on the first anniversary of the crackdown on peaceful dissent in Cuba  . . .
 
Now, on the first anniversary of their arrest, we vigorously condemn the continued imprisonment in Cuba of the 75 human rights defenders, independent journalists, democracy advocates, independent librarians and other activists. These Cuban citizens were imprisoned solely for exercising their basic human rights to free expression and assembly, and for promoting greater respect for human and civil rights in
Cuba. We urge the Cuban authorities to order their immediate and unconditional release, and to ensure that all prisoners are treated in accordance with basic international standards and norms until they are released.

 

G. In less than two weeks time, even the French Communist Party demanded released of the prisoners. See the following press releases of April 9, 2003:

 

http://www.pcf.fr/?iddoc=2565. Accessed 21 June 2006.

 

http://www.pcf.fr/?iddoc=2612.  Accessed 21 June 2006.

 

And the following press release, signed by the Party’s National Secretary:

 

Bureau de presse - presse@pcf.fr

Suite à la confirmation officielle des peines contre les dissidents cubains

 

" Je suis profondément choquée par la vague de répression qui vient de s'abattre à Cuba sur des dizaines d'opposants politiques, condamnés à des peines de prison extrêmement lourdes.
Je tiens à le dire avec la plus grande netteté : nous condamnons ces jugements sommaires et cette répression pour des délits d'opinion.
Nous demandons solennellement aux autorités cubaines la libération de ces opposants
.  [Translation: We solemnly demand of the Cuban authorities the release of these dissidents.]
Notre solidarité au peuple cubain face aux agressions dont il est victime de la part des Etats-Unis est totale. Cette solidarité est exigeante et sans complaisance quant aux atteintes aux droits humains.
En l'occurrence cette répression brutale touche à des principes pour moi intangibles: rien ne saurait se substituer au débat politique, tout être humain a droit à une justice équitable, et ne saurait être poursuivi pour ses idées. "

Marie-George Buffet, Secrétaire nationale du PCF  Paris le 9 avril 2003

 

Source: http://www.pcf.fr/?iddoc=2567.  Accessed 21 June 2006.

 

H. But, only “DEEP CONCERN” was expressed by ALA:

International Relations Committee and Intellectual Freedom Committee's Report on Cuba

2003-2004 ALA CD#18.1, 2004 ALA Midwinter Meeting (January 13, 2004)

CONCLUSIONS [The following is the leading paragraph of ALA’s “conclusions.”]

Since the commitment to intellectual freedom is a core value of the library and information profession worldwide, ALA joins IFLA in support and assistance to the Cuban library community in safeguarding free access to print and electronic information, including the Internet. [Note: See also “The Quality of ALA’s Research” immediately below.]  IFLA has also called on Cuba's librarians to implement a code of ethics for its library profession developed by ASCUBI.

At the IFLA General Conference and Council in August 2001, ALA and ASCUBI presidents signed "A Protocol to Cooperate" that included plans for exchanges of materials, professional exchanges between American and Cuban librarians, attendance at conferences, and many other cooperative activities.  Work continues on these initiatives intended to build mutual respect and trust among librarians and library workers in the two nations.

ALA supports IFLA in its call for the elimination of the U.S. embargo that restricts access to information in Cuba and for lifting travel restrictions that limit professional exchanges.  ALA also supports IFLA's call for the U.S. government to share information widely in Cuba.

ALA joins IFLA in its deep concern [emphasis added] over the arrest and long prison terms of political dissidents in Cuba in spring 2003 and urges the Cuban Government to respect, defend and promote the basic human rights defined in Article 19 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

ALA supports IFLA in urging the Cuban government to eliminate obstacles to access to information imposed by its policies, and IFLA's support for an investigative visit by a special rapporteur of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights with special attention given to freedom of access to information and freedom of expression, especially in the cases of those individuals recently imprisoned and that the reasons for and conditions of their detention be fully investigated.

Proclaiming the fundamental right of all human beings to access information without restriction, ALA joins with IFLA in urging the Cuban library community to monitor violations of freedom of access to information and freedom of expression and to take a leading role in actively promoting these basic rights for all Cubans.

 

I. Release request amendment is defeated in ALA Council.

At the ALA Council meeting that considered this report, Councilor Karen Schneider offered an amendment asking for the release of the imprisoned librarians.  In a show of hands, this amendment received five (5) votes among the approximately 75 Council members present.

J. FREADOM Report:The Quality of ALA’s Research into Cuban Information Situation
By Steve Marquardt

Somehow ALA's "much research" missed the following reports, from 2001 forward, about the progressive (regressive, actually) closing of Internet and world wide web access in Cuba, and thus the Joint Task Force report accepted on 14 January 2004 by ALA Council recommended that Cuba "safeguard" an access that had by then been almost entirely choked off.

To be fair, some of the following reports came out the week of ALA Midwinter (2004) and after.  But then, it is not unreasonable to expect that committee members concerned with this hot issue should have been checking their own Internet connections for the latest news, in order to avoid this embarrassment.

In addition, The Joint Task Force apparently did not consult Dr. Holly Ackerman, who is the Cuba country specialist for Amnesty International USA and also happens to be a librarian in Florida [effective July 1, 2006, at Duke University, Durham, NC].  She wrote a letter to the ALA President when the joint task force was studying the issue, offering her expertise and saying that AI had access to the court documents, but no response was received from any ALA committee, task force or office.  Nor was Amnesty International contacted directly, because as the country specialist for Cuba, Dr. Ackerman would have been informed of any such contact.

Here are research resources that the ALA IFC-IRC Joint Task Force apparently overlooked:

Cuba Not So Libre With the Net,” By Julia Scheeres. Story location: http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,41940,00.html, 02:00 AM Feb. 23, 2001 PT

Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor C. Boas, The Internet and State control in Authoritarian Regimes: China, Cuba and the Counterrevolution. Carnegie Endowment of International Peace, Information Revolution and World Politics Project, Global Policy Program, Working Papers, Number 21, July 2001.

Cuba outlaws computer sales,” by Robert Lebowitz, Digital Freedom Network (March 26, 2002)

Reporters Without Borders web page “Enemies of the Internet” highlights Cuba, at http://www.rsf.org/rsf/uk/html/internet/pays_internet/cuba.html and live as of December 11, 2003.

Reporters Without Borders: “Internet use is very restricted and under tight surveillance. Access is only possible with government permission and equipment is rationed.”  18.06.2003. From http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=7202

Cuba tightens internet controls,” by Anita Snow of Associated Press in Havana, January 12, 2004

Cuba: The government plans to track down unauthorised Internet-users.” 14.01.2004  http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=9039

“Librarians' deep concern over Cuba's move to restrict Internet access.”  Media Release, 16 January 2004, from IFLA HQ, The Hague, Netherlands.  http://www.ifla.org/V/press/cuba160104.htm

Cuba tightens its control over Internet,” HAVANA, Cuba (Reuters) Thursday, January 22, 2004 Posted: 10:26 AM EST (1526 GMT) http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/internet/01/21/cuba.internet.reut/index.html

Cuba: Castro Tightens Grip on Internet.”  IFEX COMMUNIQUÉ Vol. 13 No. 3, 20 January 2004. The IFEX Communiqué, a weekly newsletter of free-expression news from around the world, is published by the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX) Clearing House. http://www.ifex.org/en/

 

Steve Marquardt pointed out this poor quality of research to Al Kagan, a member of the Joint IRC IFC Task Force.  He copied me on his forward of this question to his fellow Task Force members, asking for a response.  Steve Marquardt has no received response from any Task Force member to this criticism of their research.

 

K. HAVE A NICE TWENTY YEARS IN PRISON, is ALA’s official International Relations Committee response to an Appeal to Ask for the Release of Prisoners:

On July 27, 2004, the Chair of the ALA International Relations Committee responded to a June 4, 2004, appeal to the ALA International Relations Office Director Michael Dowling, from independent library leader Gisela Delgado Sablón – “What we are asking, sir, is that your association show solidarity with our project and with the innocent persons who are now in prison.  We would like you to ask the Cuban authorities to immediately release these detained persons.” – by sending her the ALA report and by writing to the Cuban Minister of Foreign Affairs, not calling for the release of the prisoners, but instead saying “… ALA also joins IFLA in its ‘deep concern over the arrest and long prison terms’ of 75 political dissidents in Cuba in spring 2003. We thank you very much for your attention and assistance to ensure the health and welfare of these detained individuals.”

 

See Editorial and News Links above for more detailed information and opinion.

Contacts:

 

Robert Kent  (In New Orleans)

474 - 48th Avenue, #3-C

Long Island City, NY 11109-5600

HOME: (718) 340-8494

RKent20551@cs.com

kentr50@yahoo.com

 

Walter Skold

12 Kendall Lane
Freeport, Maine 04032-1401

(207) 865-9706

libertas@dialmaine.com

 

Steve Marquardt  (In New Orleans)

Dean of Libraries and Copyright Officer
South Dakota State University
Box 2115, North Campus Drive
Brookings, South Dakota 57007-1098
WORK: 605-688-5106
FAX: 605-688-6133

HOME: 605-697-6169

steve.marquardt@sdstate.edu

 

Holly Ackerman, Ph.D. (before July 1, 2006)

(305) 284-4059

FAX: 305-284-4027

holly@miami.edu

 

Holly Ackerman, Ph.D. (as of July 1, 2006)

Librarian for Latin America and Iberia

Duke University, Perkins Library

Box 90195

Durham, North Carolina 27708-0195

Holly.Ackerman@duke.edu

Tel: 919-660-5845 

Fax: 919-668-3134